Reading and Responding
Standard 1:
	1.	Identify word meanings using a variety of strategies, including:
* using context clues (e.g., definition, restatement, example, contrast)
* using structural analysis (e.g., roots, affixes)
* determining word origins (etymology)
* using knowledge of idioms
* explaining word analogies (ELA1M1)
	2.	Identify common abbreviations, symbols, acronyms, and multiplemeaning words (ELA1M1)
	3.	Develop specific vocabulary (e.g., scientific, contentspecific, current events) for various purposes (ELA1M1) 
	4.	Identify and explain story elements, including:
* theme development
* character development
* relationship of word choice and mood
* plot sequence (e.g., exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution) (ELA1M2)
	5.	Identify and explain literary and sound devices, including:
* foreshadowing 
* flashback
* imagery
* onomatopoeia (ELA1M2)
	6.	Answer literal and inferential questions in oral and written responses about ideas and information in grade-appropriate texts, including:
* comic strips 
* editorial cartoons
* speeches (ELA1M3)
	7.	Explain the connections between ideas and information in a variety of texts (e.g., journals, technical specifications, advertisements) and reallife situations and other texts (ELA1M4)
Standard 6:
	8.	Compare and contrast cultural characteristics (e.g., customs, traditions, viewpoints) found in national, world, and multicultural literature (ELA6M1)
	9.	Compare and contrast elements (e.g., plot, setting, characters, theme) in a variety of genres (ELA6M2)
	10.	Use knowledge of the distinctive characteristics to classify and interpret elements of various genres, including:
* fiction (e.g., myths, historical fiction) 
* nonfiction (e.g., newspaper articles, magazine articles)
* poetry (e.g., lyric, narrative)
* drama (e.g., short plays) (ELA6M3)
Standard 7:
	11.	Demonstrate understanding of information in gradeappropriate texts using a variety of strategies, including:
* sequencing events and steps in a process
* summarizing and paraphrasing information
* identifying stated or implied main ideas and supporting details
* comparing and contrasting literary elements and ideas
* making simple inferences and drawing conclusions 
* predicting the outcome of a story or situation
* identifying literary devices (ELA7M1) 
	12.	Examine and explain the relationship between life experiences and texts to generate solutions to problems (ELA7M2)
	13.	Use technical information and other available resources (e.g., software programs, manuals) to solve problems (ELA7M2)
	14.	Analyze an author's stated or implied purpose for writing (e.g., to explain, to entertain, to persuade, to inform, to express personal attitudes or beliefs) (ELA7M3)
	15.	Identify persuasive techniques (e.g., unsupported inferences, faulty reasoning, generalizations) that reflect an author’s viewpoint (perspective) in texts (ELA7M3)
	16.	Analyze gradeappropriate print and nonprint texts using various reasoning skills, including:
* identifying cause-effect relationships 
* raising questions
* reasoning inductively and deductively
* generating a theory or hypothesis
* skimming/scanning 
* distinguishing facts from opinions and probability (ELA7M4)
Writing
Standard 2:
	17.	Write multiparagraph compositions on student- or teacher-selected topics organized with the following:
* an established central idea
* organizational patterns (e.g., comparison/contrast, order of importance, chronological order) appropriate to the topic
* elaboration (e.g., fact, examples, and/or specific details)
* transitional words and phrases that unify ideas and points
* an overall structure including an introduction, a body/middle, and a concluding paragraph that summarizes important ideas (ELA2M1)
	18.	Organize individual paragraphs with topic sentences, relevant elaboration, and concluding sentences (ELA2M1)
	19.	Develop gradeappropriate compositions on student- or teacher-selected topics that include the following:
* word choices (diction) appropriate to the identified audience and/or purpose
* vocabulary selected to clarify meaning, create images, and set a tone
* information/ideas selected to engage the interest of the reader 
* clear voice (individual personality)
* variety in sentence structure (ELA2M2)
	20.	Develop gradeappropriate compositions applying writing processes such as the following:
* selecting topic and form
* prewriting (e.g., brainstorming, researching, raising questions, generating graphic organizers)
* drafting
* conferencing (e.g., peer, teacher)
* revising based on feedback and use of various tools (e.g., LEAP21 Writer’s Checklist, rubrics)
* proofreading/editing
* publishing using technology (ELA2M3)
	21.	Develop gradeappropriate paragraphs and multiparagraph compositions using the various modes of writing (e.g., description, narration, exposition, persuasion), emphasizing narration and exposition (ELA2M4)
	22.	Use the various modes to write compositions, including:
* comparison/contrast 
* essays based on a stated opinion (ELA2M4) 
	23.	Develop writing using a variety of literary devices, including foreshadowing, flashback, and imagery (ELA2M5)
	24.	Write for various purposes, including:
* business letters that include a heading, inside address, salutation, body, and signature
* evaluations, supported with facts and opinions, of newspaper/magazine articles and editorial cartoons
* textsupported interpretations of elements of novels, stories, poems, and plays (ELA2M6)
Writing/Proofreading
Standard 3:
	25.	Use standard English punctuation, including:
* hyphens to separate syllables of words and compound adjectives
* commas and coordinating conjunctions to separate independent clauses in compound sentences
* colons after salutation in business letters (ELA3M2)
	26.	Capitalize names of companies, buildings, monuments, and geographical names (ELA3M2)
	27.	Write paragraphs and compositions following standard English structure and usage, including:
* possessive forms of singular and plural nouns and pronouns
* regular and irregular verb tenses
* homophones (ELA3M3)
	28.	Apply knowledge of parts of speech in writing, including:
* prepositional phrases
* interjections for emphasis
* conjunctions and transitions to connect ideas (ELA3M4)
	29.	Spell highfrequency, commonly confused, frequently misspelled words and derivatives (e.g., roots and affixes) correctly (ELA3M5)
	30.	Use a variety of resources (e.g., glossaries, dictionaries, thesauruses, spell check) to find correct spellings (ELA3M5)
Speaking and Listening
Standard 4:
	31.	Adjust diction and enunciation to suit the purpose for speaking (ELA4M1)
	32.	Use standard English grammar, diction, syntax, and pronunciation when speaking (ELA4M1)
	33.	Follow procedures (e.g., read, question, write a response, form groups) from detailed oral instructions (ELA4M2)
	34.	State oral directions/procedures for tasks (ELA4M2)
	35.	Adjust volume and inflection to suit the audience and purpose of presentations (ELA4M3)
	36.	Organize oral presentations with a thesis, an introduction, a body developed with relevant details, and a conclusion (ELA4M3)
	37.	Demonstrate active listening strategies for various purposes, including:
* viewing a video to interpret the meaning of the story, to determine the speaker’s/character's attitude using verbal and nonverbal cues, and to draw conclusions about the presentation
* summarizing the main points of a speaker's message, including supporting details and their significance (ELA4M4)
	38.	Deliver oral presentations and responses, including:
* a researchbased presentation
* formal and informal descriptive presentations that convey relevant information and descriptive details (ELA4M4)
	39.	Evaluate media for various purposes, including:
* text structure
* images/sensory details
* support for main position
* background information
* opinions vs. facts
* sequence of ideas and organization (ELA-4-M5)
   40.	  Participate in group and panel discussions, including:
* explaining the effectiveness and dynamics of group process
* applying agreed-upon rules for formal and informal discussions
* assuming a variety of roles (e.g., facilitator, recorder, leader, listener) (ELA4M6)
Information Resources
Standard 5:
	41.	Locate and select information using organizational features of gradeappropriate resources, including:
* complex reference sources (e.g., almanacs, atlases, newspapers, magazines, brochures, map legends, prefaces, appendices) 
* electronic storage devices (e.g., CDROMs, diskettes, software, drives)
* frequently accessed and bookmarked Web addresses
* organizational features of electronic texts (e.g., bulletin boards, databases, keyword searches, email addresses) (ELA5M1)
	42.	Locate and integrate information from gradeappropriate resources, including:
* multiple printed texts (e.g., encyclopedias, atlases, library catalogs, specialized dictionaries, almanacs, technical encyclopedias)
* electronic sources (e.g., Web sites, databases)
* other media sources (e.g., audio and video tapes, films, documentaries, television, radio) (ELA5M2)
	43.	Identify sources as primary and secondary to determine credibility of information (ELA5M2)
	44.	Locate, gather, and select information using datagathering strategies, including:
* surveying 
* interviewing
* paraphrasing (ELA5M3)
	45.	Generate gradeappropriate research reports that include information presented in a variety of forms, including:
* visual representations of data/information
* graphic organizers (e.g., outlines, timelines, charts, webs)
* bibliographies (ELA5M3)
	46.	Use word processing and/or other technology to draft, revise, and publish a variety of works, including compositions, investigative reports, and business letters (ELA5M4)
	47.	Give credit for borrowed information following acceptable-use policy, including:
* integrating quotations and citations 
* using endnotes
* creating bibliographies and/or works cited lists (ELA5M5)
	48.	Interpret information from a variety of graphic organizers , including timelines, charts, schedules, tables, diagrams, and maps in gradeappropriate sources (ELA5M6)

English Language Arts (ELA)
Grade-Level Expectations:  Sixth Grade


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